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| So much to it! A non-exhaustive overview of factors involved in COVID-19 |
ARDS-like
Co-aerosolized Pulmonary Surfactant and Ambroxol for COVID-19 ARDS Intervention: What are we waiting for?, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 25 September 2020;
Asymptomatic transmission
Asymptomatic patients as a source of COVID-19 infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis, International Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 98, P180-186, September 01, 2020;
Cardiopulmonary complications caused by COVID-19
The emerging spectrum of cardiopulmonary pathology of COVID-19: Report of 3 autopsies from Houston, Texas, and review of autopsy findings from other US cities, Cardiovascular Pathology 2020 September-October; 48: 107233;
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Interactions between Olfaction and the Trigeminal System: what can be learned from olfactory loss, Cerebral Cortex (Journal), Vol. 17, Issue 10, October 2007;
Sympathetic Nervous System Activation and its Modulation: Role in Atrial Fibrillation, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 23 January 2019;
Neurochemical evidence of astrocytic and neuronal injury commonly found in COVID-19, Neurology, September 22, 2020; 95(12);
New onset neurologic events in people with COVID-19 in 3 regions in China, Neurology, September 15, 2020; 95 (11);
Potential of SARS-CoV-2 to Cause CNS Infection: Biological Fundamental and Clinical Experience, Frontiers Neurology, 18 June 2020;
Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, Jama Neurology 2020; 77 (6):683-690;
Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System?, MDPI Viruses, 20 December 2019, Viruses 2020, 12(1), 14;
Neuromechanisms of SARS-CoV-2: A Review, Frontiers Neuroanatomy, 16 June 2020;
COVID-19: A Global Threat to the Nervous System (microthrombi and acute infarctions in the brain), Annals of Neurology Vol. 88, Issue 1, July 2020;
Involvement of the Nervous System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Neurotoxicity Research 2020, May 13 :1-7;
The Neurology of COVID-19 revisited: A Proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries, Journal of Neurological Science 2020 July 15; 414: 116884;
Multiple Neuroinvasive Pathways in COVID-19, Molecular Neurobiology 2020 September 29: 1-12;
Coronavirus infection of the central nervous system: host-virus stand-off, Nature Reviews Microbiology 4, 121-132(2006);
Pathophysiology of the COVID-19- entry to the CNS through the nose, Acta Oto-Laryngologica Vol. 140, 2020, Issue 10;
COVID-19 associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) succesfully treated with steroids and polyvalent immunoglobulin with unusual IgG targeting the cerebral fibre network, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Vol. 91, Issue 9, 2020;
COVID-19-related acute necrotizing encephalopathy with brain stem involvement in a patient with aplastic anemia, Journal of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, September 2020; 7(5);
Brain abnormalities in COVID-19 acute/subacute phase: A rapid systematic review, Brain Behavior and Immunology 2020 Oct; 89: 543-554;
Neuropathology of COVID-19: a spectrum of vascular and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like pathology, Acta Neuropathologica 2020; 140(1): 1-6;
Coagulation
Anticoagulant treatment in COVID-19: a narrative review (in COVID-19 patients, thrombotic lesions in pulmonary vessels have a prevalence twice higher than in non-COVID-19 patients), Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2020, 18 August 2020;
Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in IC Unit: A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Vol. 18, Issue 7, July 2020, p1738-1742;
Cytokine storms/cascade/cytokine release syndrome
COVID-19: In the Eye of the Cytokine Storm, Frontiers Immunology, 24 September 2020;
T-Cell Hyperactivation and Paralysis in Severe COVID-19 Infection Revealed by Single-Cell Analysis, Frontiers Immunology, 08 October 2020;
Embolism
Occurrence of pulmonary embolism related to COVID-19, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2020, 06 October 2020;
Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 related hypercoagulability, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2020, 30 May 2020;
Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (22,7% of ICU patients and non-ICU patients), Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 25 September 2020;
Left ventricular thrombus and pulmonary embolism: A case series of thrombosis in COVID-19 in Thai patients, Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 18 September 2020
Endothelium
The Enigma of Endothelium in COVID-19 (and sepsis), Frontiers in Physiology, 04 August 2020;
Long-term complications of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Anticipating the long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 50, 512-524(2020);
Long-Haul COVID, Neurology, September 29, 2020, 95 (13);
Markers to assess severity of COVID
Serum Activity of Liver Enzymes is Associated with Higher Mortality in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Frontiers in Medicine, 22 July 2020;
Specific coagulation markers may provide more therapeutic targets in COVID-19 patients receiving prophylactic anticoagulant (TPA, TAT and PAP), Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Vol. 18, Issue 9, September 2020, p2428-2430;
Monocytes
Increased Serum Levels of sCD14 and sCD163 Indicate a Preponderant Role for Monocytes in COVID-19 Immunopathology, Frontiers Immunology, 23 September 2020;
Macrophages
Targeting Macrophages as a therapeutic option in COVID-19, Research Article to be published, Frontiers Pharmacology;
Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPs)
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Inhibition Reduces Inflammation and Improves Motility in Murine Models of Post-Operative Ileus, Gastroentology 2011 Oct: 141(4): 1283-1292.e4.;
NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) and neutrophil profiles
Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Drive Necroinflammation in COVID-19, MDPI Cells 2020, Jun; 9(6)1383;
Pathogenicity and structure of SARS-CoV-2
Free fatty acid binding pocket in the locked structure of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, AAAS 21 September 2020;
COVID-19 is Distinct from SARS-CoV-2 Negative Community Acquired Pneumonia (= COVID pneumonia differs from other pneumonias), Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 16 June 2020;
ACE2/ADAM17/TMPRSS2 Interplay May Be the Main Risk Factor for COVID-19, Frontiers in Immunology, 07 October 2020;
Host/genetic factors associated with COVID-19 call for medicine, Precision Clinical Medicine Vol. 3, Issue 3, September 2020, p228-234;
The unique characteristics of COVID-19 coagulopathy, Critical Care 2020; 24: 360;
Red Blood Cells
Association of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width With Mortality Risk in Hospitalized Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Jama Critical Care, September 23, 2020;3(9);
Stroke as a frequent feature in COVID-19
Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: Experience from a Comprehensive Stroke Center in Midwest US, Frontiers in Neurology, 20 August 2020;
Stroke risk, phenotypes and death in COVID-19: Systematic review and newly reported cases, September 15, 2020;
Risk of Acute Cerebrovascular Events in patients with COVID-19 Infection (COVID-19-related stroke is not age or comorbidity related), American Journal of Neuroradiology, August 27, 2020;
T lymphocytes
Decreased T cell populations contribute to the increased severity of COVID-19, Clinica Chimica Acta, Vol. 508, September 2020, p110-114;
Mapping the T cell response to COVID-19, Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 5, Art. No. 112(2020);
Treatment of COVID-19
An open-label, randomized trial of the combination of IFN-k plus TFF2 (Treefoil Factor Family member 2) with standard care in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19, EClinicalMedicine, September 20, 2020;
Tripartite Combination of Candidate Pandemic Mitigation Agents: Vitamin D, Quercetin and Estradiol Manifest Properties of Medicinal Agents for Targeted Mitigation of the COVID-19 Pandemic Defined by Genomics-Guided Tracing of SARS-CoV-2 Targets in Human Cells, Biomedicines 2020 May; 8(5): 129;
Dupilumab and COVID-19: What should we expect?, Dermatologic Therapy Vol. 33, Issue 4, July/August 2020;
COVID-19-related encephalopathy responsive to high-dose glucocorticoids, Neurology September 22, 2020; 95(12);
How nicotine can inhibit cytokine storm in the lungs and prevent or lessen the severity of COVID-19 infection?, Immunology Letters Vol. 224, August 2020, p28-29;
Nicotine and the nicotinic cholinergic system in COVID-19, The FEBS Journal Vol. 287, Issue 17, September 2020, p3656-3663;
COVID-19
associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy succesfully treated with
steroids and polyvalent immunoglobulin with unusual IgG targeting the
cerebral fibre network, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Vol. 91, Issue 9, 2020;
SARS-associated Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Interacts with Smad3 and Modulates Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Signaling (and the role of PAI-1 in fibosis), Journal of Biological Chemistry, February 8, 2008, 283; 3772-3280;
Low mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary Danish hospital setting, Internation Journal of Infectious Diseases, October 12, 2020;
Urokinase
Urokinase plasminogen activator independent early experimental thrombus resolution: MMP2 as an alternative mechanism, Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2010 Dec;104(6):1174-83;
Vitamin D Immunomodulation
A Basic Review of the Preliminary Evidence that COVID-19 Risk and Severity is Increased in Vitamin D Deficiency, Frontiers in Public Health, 10 September 2020;
